Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Innate Immune Signaling

The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family is a group of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that play a critical role in the innate immune system. TLRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)—including viral nucleic acids, bacterial lipoproteins, and fungal components—triggering rapid immune responses to infection and inflammation.

TLR Ligand Specificity

Each TLR recognizes distinct molecular signatures, enabling precise pathogen detection:

• TLR2 – Bacterial lipoproteins and peptidoglycan

• TLR3 – Viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)

• TLR4 – Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria

• TLR7 – Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)

• TLR8 – Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)

• TLR9 – Unmethylated CpG DNA motifs

 

Signosis offers a comprehensive portfolio of TLR/NF-κB luciferase reporter stable cell lines for real-time monitoring of innate immune signaling. These engineered cell models enable sensitive, reproducible analysis of ligand-induced NF-κB activation driven by individual TLR pathways and support mechanistic studies of:

• TLR specificity

• NF-κB pathway activation

• MyD88-dependent signaling

• TRIF-dependent signaling

• Innate immune activation mechanisms

 

TLR/NF-κB Functional Screening Services

In addition to cell line products, Signosis offers TLR/NF-κB functional screening services, delivering reliable solutions for:

• Compound profiling

• Pathway characterization

• Immunomodulatory drug discovery

• Innate immunity-targeted screening

• Inflammation and antiviral research

Our integrated platforms enable high-quality, scalable evaluation of compounds targeting TLR-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways.