The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family is a group of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that play a central role in the innate immune system. TLRs detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as viral nucleic acids, bacterial lipoproteins, and fungal components, enabling the immune system to respond rapidly to infections.

 

Each TLR recognizes specific molecular signatures:

• TLR2 detects bacterial lipoproteins and peptidoglycan.

• TLR3 senses double-stranded RNA from viruses.

• TLR4 recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria.

• TLR7 and TLR8 detect single-stranded RNA.

• TLR9 senses unmethylated CpG DNA.

 

Signosis offers a comprehensive collection of TLR/NF-κB luciferase reporter stable cell lines that enable real-time monitoring of pathway activation. These engineered cell models allow researchers to study ligand-induced NF-κB activation driven by individual TLRs—such as TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9—with high sensitivity and reproducibility. With increasing focus on understanding innate immune activation, TLR specificity, and TRIF- or MyD88-dependent signaling mechanisms, our reporter systems provide a powerful platform for both basic immunology and translational drug discovery.

 

In addition to our cell line products, Signosis offers TLR/NF-κB functional screening services, providing researchers with a reliable solution for compound profiling, pathway characterization, and immunomodulatory drug screening.